Basic Pearl Collection part --01
Basic Pearl
Rupjit BanikBasic Pearl:01
Why extreme pH (Highly acidic or alkaline) causes Na-K pump to be non functional?
Explanation : Extreme pH causes denaturation of the Na-K ATPase resulting in no cleavage of the ATP. So, Na-K pump becomes non functional.
*Note that, somewhat same explanation goes for #Rate_Limiting_pH of urine.
Basic Pearl :02
Which immunoglobulin activates Complement System ?
Answer: IgG and IgM
Pnemonic : General Manager gives me...
Complement..
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Basic Pearl :03
All Cocci are Gram Positive except Neisseria.
Basic Pearl:04
Why Hard Chancre is a hard chancre? It's a funny question to hear but got a reason actually.
Answer: Hard chancre is seen in Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum. It is a painless ulcer on genital region.
Treponema pallidum mainly causes End Arteritis (Inflammation of the end arteries). This end arteritis ultimately results in fibrosis of the blood vessel and ischemia.
And ischemia causes Coagulative Necrosis. In coagulative necrosis the necrosed tissue become hard and firm. That's why a hard chancre is a hard chancre...
Basic Pearl:05
Thromboxane Synthase is predominant in Platelets and produces TxA2. Prostacyclin Synthase is predominant in Endothelium and produces PGI2. 5-Lipoxygenase is predominant in Neutrophils and produces Leukotreins.
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Basic Pearl:06
Calcium Channel Blocker causes Postural Hypotension. Want to know how?
Here is the answer:
Normally when we stand up from lying or sitting position, the blood in the brain fall down due to gravity.
But this doesn't cause Postural Hypotension as there is simultaneous constriction of the splancnic vessels causing fallen blood to return to brain.
But when we use Calcium channel blocker (e.g. Amlodipine), this splancnic vasoconstriction doesn't occur as the smooth muscle of the blood vessels are relaxed -> No return of blood to the brain -> Postural Hypotension.
** In CLD with Portal HTN there is gross splancnic vasodialation..so why not postural hypotension occur in that case?
at first thank you for the question. Actually Cirrhosis of Liver is associated with increased heart rate, ejection fraction and peak systolic velocity.
Though the mean arterial pressure is reduced, there is compensatory Tachycardia. May be that is why Postural Hypotension is not commonly seen in CLD.
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Basic Pearl:07
Never administer Imipenem alone. Prescribe it in combination with Cilastatin.
Explanation:
Imipenem is a Carbapenem grouped Antibiotic which has bactericidal activity against gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic bacteria.
It is effective against most gram (+)ve and gram (-) cocci and gram (-)ve rods.If Imipenem is administered alone, it is degraded by the enzyme Dehydropeptidase (an enzyme released from Kidney).
Cilastatin inhibits that enzyme and ensures the pharmacological effect of Imipenem.
Basic Pearl : 08
Most of the cancer is associated with mutation of gene that codes for p53 protein.
Explanation:
The p53 protein mainly activates the pathway of Apoptosis by activating the Bax and Bak and also by stimulating the pro-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family. So, mutation of the gene associated with p53 production results in failure of Apoptosis thus leading to cancer formation.
Reference: Robbins' Basic Pathology, 8th Edition.
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