Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis means inflammation of the pancreas that develops quickly. The main symptom is tummy (abdominal) pain. It usually settles in a few days but sometimes it becomes severe and very serious. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and drinking a lot of alcohol.
Medicine
squaredoc.blogspot.comWhat are the causes of acute pancreatitis?
**Gallstones --
the most common cause in the UK. A gallstone can pass through the bile duct and out into part of the gut just after the stomach (the duodenum). This usually does not cause a problem. However, in some people a gallstone becomes stuck in the bile duct or where the bile duct and pancreatic duct open into the duodenum. This can affect the chemicals (enzymes) in the pancreatic duct (or even block them completely) and trigger a pancreatitis.
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Alcohol -
the other common cause. How alcohol actually triggers the inflammation in the pancreas is not clear. Symptoms typically begin about 6-12 hours after a heavy drinking session. In some people pancreatitis can develop even after a small amount of alcohol. In these people, a sensitivity to alcohol develops in their pancreas.
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High blood fat levels - hypertriglycerdaemia. This is reported to cause 1 to 4 percent of all cases of AP and up to 56 percent of pancreatitis cases during pregnancy.
**Uncommon causes -
include the following:Viral infections (for example, the mumps virus, HIV).
**A rare side-effect to some medicines.
Injury or surgery around the pancreasInfections with parasites (parasites are living things (organisms) that live within (or on) another organism).
High blood calcium levels.Abnormal structure of the pancreas.
There is also a rare form of pancreatitis which can be inherited from a parent (hereditary).
**Autoimmune -
your own immune system attacks the pancreas. This can be associated with other autoimmune diseases - for example, Sjogrens syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis.
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**Unknown - no cause is found in about 1 in 10 cases. However, a number of these cases are probably due to tiny gallstones or gallstone sludge which passes through the bile duct but is too small to be seen on scans or other tests.
What happens in acute pancreatitis?
The digestive chemicals (enzymes) that are made in the pancreas become activated and start to digest parts of the pancreas. They are normally only activated after they reach the part of the gut just after the stomach (the duodenum).This leads to a range of chemical reactions that cause inflammation in the pancreas. How the above causes actually trigger this sequence of events is not clear.
In most cases (about 4 in 5), the inflammation is mild and settles within a week or so. Symptoms may be bad for a few days but then settle and the pancreas fully recovers.In some cases (about 1 in 5) the inflammation quickly becomes severe.
Parts of the pancreas and surrounding tissues may die (necrose). Pancreatic enzymes and chemicals may get into the bloodstream and cause inflammation and damage to other organs in the body. This can lead to shock, respiratory failure, kidney failure and other complications. This is a very serious situation which can be fatal.
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